Message Authentication Codes (MACs): A MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message and ensure its integrity. Recipients can use the sender's public key to verify the signature and the integrity of the message. A digital signature is created by generating a hash value of a message and then encrypting the hash value with a private key.

When a user logs in, the hash of the entered password is compared to the stored hash.ĭigital Signatures: Hash functions are a critical component of digital signatures. Instead of storing the actual password, only the hash value is stored.

Password Storage: Hash functions are used to securely store passwords. By comparing the hash value of the received data with the hash value of the original data, one can determine if any changes have occurred. In the context of cryptography and computer security, message-digest algorithms are commonly used for the following purposes: Data Integrity: Message-digest algorithms are used to verify that data has not been altered or tampered with during transmission or storage. The primary purpose of a message-digest algorithm is to ensure data integrity and provide a compact representation of the input data. A Message-Digest Algorithm is a specific type of cryptographic hash function that takes an input (message or data) and produces a fixed-size hash value (digest) that uniquely represents the input.

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